Science Observer

Artificial intelligence systems improve over time by analyzing errors, adjusting internal parameters, and refining predictions based on feedback. Unlike humans, AI does not “realize” mistakes emotionally, but it mathematically measures…

Emotional artificial intelligence, often called affective computing, refers to systems designed to detect, interpret, and simulate human emotions. Unlike traditional AI that focuses on logic, numbers, or patterns, emotional AI…

Artificial intelligence is rapidly transforming industries, governments, and everyday life, raising an important question: should AI be regulated with strict global laws similar to those governing nuclear technologies? While AI…

As artificial intelligence systems increasingly influence finance, healthcare, hiring, and public policy, one critical question emerges: why did the model make that decision? Transparency and explainability have become central themes…

Diffusion models are a class of artificial intelligence systems designed to generate images by gradually transforming noise into structured visuals. In recent years, they have become the foundation of many…

Multimodal models are a new generation of artificial intelligence systems capable of processing and integrating multiple types of data—such as text, images, audio, and sometimes video—within a single framework. Unlike…